What adverse effect should a nurse monitor for in a client receiving morphine?

In a client receiving morphine, monitoring for respiratory depression is crucial. Morphine is an opioid analgesic that works by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system to alleviate pain. However, one of the significant adverse effects of opioids, including morphine, is respiratory depression, which can lead to hypoventilation and decreased oxygenation. It is essential for the nurse to assess the client's respiratory rate, depth, and overall respiratory status frequently, as signs of respiratory depression can occur, particularly with high doses or in opioid-naive patients.

Although urinary retention is also a potential effect of morphine due to decreased bladder muscle tone and the impact of opioids on the central nervous system, respiratory depression poses a more immediate and severe risk to the client's safety and can lead to life-threatening situations if not promptly identified and managed. Other common side effects, such as constipation and nausea, are also important to be aware of, but respiratory depression remains the most critical adverse effect that requires vigilant monitoring.