Which assessment finding in an elderly patient may indicate medication toxicity?

In an elderly patient, confusion or disorientation can be a critical assessment finding indicating medication toxicity. Older adults may have altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics due to physiological changes associated with aging, such as decreased renal function, changes in body composition, and altered metabolism. These changes can impair drug clearance and increase sensitivity to medication effects, making confusion a hallmark sign of toxicity.

When an elderly patient exhibits signs of confusion or disorientation, it may signal that the therapeutic dose of a medication has been exceeded, leading to potential adverse effects on the central nervous system. This symptom can stem from various medications, particularly sedatives, opioids, and anticholinergic drugs, which can compound the risk of cognitive impairment in this population.

On the other hand, findings such as increased appetite, improved mobility, or heightened alertness and energy generally indicate positive responses to treatment rather than signs of toxicity. Thus, the presence of confusion or disorientation serves as a crucial warning sign for nurses and healthcare providers to reevaluate the patient's medication regimen for potential toxicity.