Which medication can cause an increase in glucose levels in a child with bacterial pneumonia?

Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid medication that can lead to an increase in glucose levels, particularly in patients with underlying conditions such as infections. Corticosteroids, including methylprednisolone, can induce gluconeogenesis in the liver and reduce insulin sensitivity, both of which can contribute to elevated blood glucose levels. This is particularly relevant in children who are experiencing stress from an illness like bacterial pneumonia, as stress hormones can also affect glucose metabolism.

In the context of treating bacterial pneumonia, the use of methylprednisolone may be indicated for its anti-inflammatory effects, particularly if there is significant inflammation or risk of respiratory distress. However, it's crucial to monitor blood glucose levels, especially in pediatric patients, due to this potential side effect.

Other medications listed, like amoxicillin, ibuprofen, and azithromycin, are not typically associated with increases in blood glucose levels. Amoxicillin and azithromycin are antibiotics that work primarily by targeting bacterial infections, without notable effects on glucose metabolism. Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is used primarily for pain relief and inflammation, and it does not impact glucose levels significantly in the way that corticosteroids do.